FCL vs LCL: when to book a full container or share one

How LCL works

• You deliver the cargo to the consolidator's container freight station (CFS) before the receiving cut-off.
• The consolidator combines cargo from several shippers into one container.
• The container sails like any FCL container.
• At destination it goes to a CFS, where it is opened and each shipper's cargo is separated.
• The consignee collects the cargo after customs clearance and paying the destination charges.

Cost: W/M, minimums and the breakeven

LCL is charged per cubic metre or per revenue ton, whichever is greater, with 1 CBM counted as 1 metric ton (1,000 kg) in published tariffs and terms, so heavy cargo pays by weight and light cargo by volume. Published tariffs commonly set a minimum of one W/M (1 CBM or 1,000 kg) per bill of lading, and origin and destination CFS charges are added, often per W/M but sometimes per shipment or per bill of lading. The point where a full container becomes cheaper depends on the trade lane and the quotes: Maersk suggests LCL for loads under 15 CBM and FCL typically from 15 CBM, and DHL says LCL is very likely cheaper below 20 CBM on common lanes, so compare quotes for both.

Time and risk

LCL is usually slower than FCL on the same lane, because the cargo waits for consolidation and deconsolidation at the CFS; the extra time varies by lane and consolidator, so ask for the transit time of both options. Cargo that arrives at the CFS after the receiving cut-off waits for the next sailing. LCL cargo is also handled more often than FCL cargo, and each handling point is a chance for damage, so pack and mark it well.